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The Hubble Tension and Crisis in Cosmology.
Conventional cosmologists know they have a big problem with the standard LCDM-Big-Bang theory. They refer to this as the Hubble Tension, or more generally as the Crisis in Cosmology.
Since Edwin Hubble discovered that far galaxies exhibit light redshifted in proportion to their distances from us, it has become generally assumed that such redshifting occurs because of an expansion of the space between galaxies and hence of the entire observable universe. This implies that in the distant past all the matter and energy in the universe lay in an extraordinarily dense and compact state, perhaps even as a zero dimensional singularity, from which it expanded after some sort of a ‘big bang’.
Since the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation by Penzias and Wilson this expanding universe/big bang theory has become regarded as confirmed with the CMBR attributed to a redshifted residue of the first light to travel freely across the universe as it cooled due to expansion.
Cosmologists, who, as a profession, seem rarely right but never in doubt, now usually stridently assert that - ‘We Know that the Universe Expands, and We Know that it began 13.8 billion years ago!’
The 13.8 billion years idea derives from calculations based on the current value of the energy of the CMBR extrapolated backwards to give a so-called Hubble Constant of expansion at ~ 67 - 78 kilometres/second/megaparsec. However, recent and increasingly precise measurements made of the apparent expansion rate using Cephid variables and type 1A Supernovae gives a rate of ~73 - 76 (km/s/Mpc) and an age of the universe of just ~ 13 billion years, not 13.8.
This discrepancy of 800 million years just won’t go away despite heroic efforts to find faults with either approach or to tinker with the smaller details of official theory without upsetting the dominant assumption of expansion. For various historical reasons the official, textbook, and public, position maintains that the universe REALLY IS expanding and 13.8bn/yrs old. Yet many cosmologists fret over the apparent discrepancy, hence the Hubble Tension or Crisis in Cosmology.
Hypersphere Cosmology proposes a radically alternative explanation of the data: -
A non-expanding, slowly vorticitating universe. finite and unbounded in space and time with a 13 billion light year antipode distance. Where redshift indicates only distance, not recession velocity and expansion. Where the CMBR arises from near antipodal and some trans antipodal starlight thermalised and redshifted on its immense journey across the universe.
The 13 billion year spacetime antipode distance confirms the ‘age’ figure derived from Cephid Variable and Supernovae data because it uses the same observations but it processes them under a different set of hypotheses, namely that redshift shows actual distance, and that hyperspherical lensing modifies apparent distances.
All the physical principles and mathematical analyses of this hypothesis appear in the following major paper and its many appendices.
https://specularium.org/hypersphere-cosmology
Four Gigaparsecs to Antipode!
I think I have a good chance of outliving the LCDM Big-Bang Theory.
REMINDER
DEADLINE FOR SUBMISSIONS TO BOTH PUBLICATIONS End of May 2026.
Firstly - Chaos International 27.
We now have a UK Publisher prepared to try this as an annual book sized publication.
We intend to preserve the ‘Alternative Magazine’ style of Chaos International.
Nothing Remains Off-Limits, Anything Considered.
We seek a variety of contributions: -
Articles about your activities and thoughts in the Esoteric, Occult, Metaphysical, and Off-White Magical fields.
Poetry, Rituals, Reviews, Prophecy, Visions, Speculation, Mad or Alternative Science, Confirmation or Falsification of Conspiracy, Satirical, Edgy and Controversial material.
Artwork (b/w) & semitones, Occult Erotica, Cartoons, Metaphysical & Visionary Imagery. Page size 190 x 240mm
We shall also include a selection of classic gems from previous editions with permission from their creators.
Contributors may advertise their services and products. Accepted contributors, whose items take up a couple of pages or more, will receive a complimentary copy, and retain their copyright on their creations. Shorter pieces, letter to the editor, one off cartoons or drawings etc, all considered.
Secondly – Another Chaos Anthology.
Following the success of ‘This is Chaos’ our American Publisher has expressed an interest in doing another anthology of a similar type.
For this we seek about 15 chapter length articles (~5.000 words) on various topics related to Chaos Magic and Philosophy.
Contributors will receive complimentary copies and a payment for accepted contributions.
Submissions – For either or both projects send either your contribution, extracts, or a proposal for a contribution to BOTH editors: -
Peter J Carroll
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Chaos International Will Continue! Plus, we plan another Chaos Anthology!!
Firstly - Chaos International.
We now have a UK Publisher prepared to try this as an annual book sized publication.
We intend to preserve the ‘Alternative Magazine’ style of Chaos International.
Nothing Remains Off-Limits, Anything Considered.
We seek a variety of contributions: -
Articles about your activities and thoughts in the Esoteric, Occult, Metaphysical, and Off-White Magical fields.
Poetry, Rituals, Reviews, Prophecy, Visions, Speculation, Mad or Alternative Science, Confirmation or Falsification of Conspiracy, Satirical, Edgy and Controversial material.
Artwork (b/w & semitones), Occult Erotica, Cartoons, Metaphysical & Visionary Imagery. Page size 190 x 240mm
We shall also include a selection of classic gems from previous editions with permission from their creators.
Contributors may advertise their services and products. Accepted contributors, whose items take up a couple of pages or more, will receive a complimentary copy, and retain their copyright on their creations. Shorter pieces, letter to the editor, one off cartoons or drawings etc, all considered.
Secondly – Another Chaos Anthology.
Following the success of ‘This is Chaos’ our American Publisher has expressed an interest in doing another anthology of a similar type.
For this we seek about 15 chapter length articles (~5.000 words) on various topics related to Chaos Magic and Philosophy.
Contributors will receive complimentary copies and a payment for accepted contributions.
Submissions – For either or both projects send either your contribution, extracts, or a proposal for a contribution to BOTH editors: -
Peter J Carroll
DEADLINES FOR SUBMISSIONS FOR BOTH PUBLICATIONS - END MAY 2026.
We hope to circulate a contributors list to accepted contributors, outlining their topics to each other.
Cosmological Gravitational Redshift
In Hypersphere Cosmology, the redshift of distant galaxies arises from the effect of gravity on light traveling huge distances, rather than from an expansion of the universe as in conventional LCDM Big-Bang Cosmology.
Newton’s Shell Theorem combined with Einstein’s General Relativity indicates that such a Cosmological Gravitational Redshift effect will occur.
Newton’s Shell Theorem demonstrates two things, firstly that a massive spherically symmetric body affects external bodies as though all of its mass acts from its centre point, and secondly that a massive spherically symmetric hollow sphere exerts no net gravitational force on any body inside of it, regardless of that body’s position.
As the universe seems fairly homogenous and isotropic on a large intergalactic scale, we can regard any vast spherical volume of space as both hollow and massive, despite its rather low overall density.
Thus observers should consider themselves located on the surface of a sphere surrounding any distant galaxy they choose to observe and expect to observe a redshift which depends on its distance and all the mass laying within such a sphere.
Thus although observers will not notice a net cosmological gravitational pull form any direction, they will notice that all incoming light from very distant sources becomes redshifted to an extent dictated by the sphere of mass defined by the radius of the distance to those far sources.
This effect should occur in any non-expanding universe, whether hyperspherical or infinite in extent.
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Feblog 2026
Chaos International Issue 27 ?
To celebrate the 21st anniversary of the last issue of the legendary Chaos International Magazine we consider a project to relaunch it, possibly as an Annual Book.
Such a book may contain selected gems of magical art and seminal writings from the original 26 issues, PLUS many new original and controversial contributions from those at the cutting and bleeding edges of occulture, magical theory and experience.
Copyrights in the original 26 issues belong to contributors. If you have something you wish to offer for republication and/or particularly if you have new items of Art, Ritual, Magical Theory, Illustration (B/W), Cartoon, Socio-Political commentary, etc., etc., etc., for Issue 27, get in touch and we will take a look at it.
Dr Angela Pucca Interview
As it says on her website: -
‘Dr Angela Puca is an academic and a university lecturer who has taught at several universities worldwide and has been based at Leeds Trinity University since 2016.
She holds a Bachelor’s and a Master’s degree in philosophy. In 2021, The University of Leeds awarded her a PhD in Religious Studies on Italian Witchcraft and Shamanism, published by Brill.
Her research focuses on magic, witchcraft, Paganism, esotericism, shamanism, and related currents.’
I have to say that she comes across as an extraordinary character; colourful, erudite, and charming, and she not only gave me the opportunity to expound at length on my ideas with some well researched questions, but she also illustrated my answers with some remarkable CGI graphics that would have taken months to create by hand.
Herewith the interview: - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g23ju15ruGk
Sulis Statuary
Herewith some newly fashioned Temple Kit: -
It always seems a good idea to get on the right side of your local Deity. Sulis or Sulis-Minerva, the Goddess of the hot springs at Bath appears as the leading and best historically attested Deity of Southwest Britain - the Celtic and Romano-British ‘Mother of Somerset’ who dispenses healing and bounty and who receives spells and requests for restitution or revenge.
The figurine of the Goddess resumes the gilt bronze head found in the temple of the hot springs where the local deity Sulis became syncretized with the Greco-Roman Olympian Goddess Athena/Minerva, hence the spear. She stands before two water vessels, one black one white, for the reception of negative and positive spells, inscribed if desired on lead strips. Milliput two part epoxy resin over steel wire and glass jars.
The meaning of the ‘Gorgon Head’ also found at the Bath temple remains a matter of debate. It may have represented a serpent haired Gorgon, or the head of Oceanus, or a Romano-British image of pre-Roman Sulis. Here with a modest dose of theometric license I have blended it with the Bocca della Verità, the Mouth of Truth, so that it can accept written sacrifices, pledges, or affirmations. Acrylics on heavy plywood disc.
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Janblog 2026
The International News seems somewhat worse than usual. Some used to say back in the Cold War days, that geopolitically, the Russians play Chess whilst the Americans play Poker. Today Trump seems to play Risk whilst the Chinese play Go, Putin replays National Socialism (Third Reich edition), and the Europeans replay the Decline and Fall of the Western Roman Empire.
In the absence of a physiology adapted for Hibernation we should perhaps consider making the whole of January a holiday. I recall that the 1974 Three Day Week did not occasion a drop in overall productivity, so why don’t we all have August off as well and go for a ten month year? A couple of months a year where everyone worldwide stops politicking, fighting, trying to take territory, and the relentless and self-defeating quest for economic growth.
Since my retirement from active business the traditional Twelve Days of Christmas have extended themselves to about thirty to include Druidical Solstice, Xmas itself, New Year, the nativities of self and the Memsahib, and Bardic Grove.
Leisure activities over the period have included discussions with a publisher about compendium books on The Magic of Austin Spare and a revitalization of something like Chaos International, perhaps with selected gems from the original, (POTENTIAL COLLABORATORS PLEASE GET IN TOUCH), podcast interviews with Dr Angela Pucca and another looming with Sean Haslett (links to follow after editing), plus this latest interpretation of quantum physics: -
An explanation of which appears in this revised article: -
https://specularium.org/3d-time
Which follows on from material presented in Decblog 2025.
All the best for 2026. Death to Tyranny and Religion!
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Decblog 2025
Seasonal Greetings! Herewith some additional Neo-Pagan Garden Statuary in festive garb. No, I’m not making a full orchestra of them, old friends have requested a version, they take about 100 hours each to make. Portland cement & finely sieved fibrous compost over steel wire frames, blackened with stone paint then verdigrised with acrylics for a weathered bronze effect.
Through a Glass Darkly – Interview.
https://youtu.be/ZEjFCywmT0I?si=TNPe6vAAmQRazP7r
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
Such creations have provided a welcome counterpoint to the obsessive quest to formulate a quantum epistemology that might just pass as a credible Quantum Ontology. After all, so much of contemporary esoteric theory depends on rather vague handwaving arguments that invoke quantum theory in support of magical ideas.
Straight physicists tend to dismiss such invocations as pseudoscience, but little consensus exists amongst them as to which (if any) of their interpretations of quantum physics represents the underlying reality of err, reality itself. Many claim that any verbal or visual conceptions of quantum reality will always prove inadequate and that only highly abstract mathematical descriptions with no verbal or visualisable correlates will ever prove useful. That sounds like the very worst of quantum mysticism from the priesthood of science. Thou shalt not speak nor make graven images of the quanta!
What the heck, heresy always seems the best long term policy, so herewith the latest experimental musings upon Hypersphere Quantology, in the quest to demonstrate that magic arises as a natural property of the universe that conscious creatures can and do use.
Additional Ingredients: -rTIQM + WsM + HC + 3DT = Provisional Quantum Ontology.
https://www.npl.washington.edu/av/altvw16.html
(The (Relativistic) Transactional Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics (Cramer, Kastner) + The Wave Structure of Matter (Milo Wolff) + Hypersphere Cosmology +3DTime (Stokastikos).)
Presently the hypothesis exists as a generalised conceptual scheme expressed in terms of geometry and symbolic vector diagrams, perhaps the algebra may follow and then a reconciliation with observable numerical quantities.
The following diagrams represent Fermions, (matter ‘particles’) as Spinorial Rotations of spacetime. Such rotations in two directions at once allow a portion of spacetime to revolve with a 720 degree revolution restoring the ‘particle’ to its original position without tearing spacetime but sending a wavelike twist in all directions through it.
The longer black arrows represent the rotation of the particle with respect to its forward direction of propagation (at lightspeed). (Imagine the poloidal revolution of a Torus.) The shorter transverse black arrows represent spins orthogonal to the forward propagation. (Imagine the toroidal revolution of a Torus.) These diagrams show only one such transverse arrow for clarity – but various transverse arrows can represent chiral spin, or the higher dimensional spins associated with electromagnetic, nuclear, and generational charges.
The grey arrows represent the Advanced (backwards in time) waves used in the Transactional Interpretation of quantum mechanics, (so the black arrows represent the Retarded (forward in time) waves). The Transactional Interpretation alone seems the only interpretation capable of explaining the phenomenon of Entanglement and apparent Superposition. It also accounts for the seemingly instantaneous ‘effects’ of static fields.
Bosons appear in the diagrams as Retarded/Advanced wave pairs or equivalently as Particle/Antiparticle pairs, or the outward and inward waves of WSM. At low energies such Bosons remain ‘virtual’ and communicate only repulsive forces between Fermions (matter particles). At higher energies Bosons can become ‘real’ and transfer spin based charges such as chirality and electromagnetic, nuclear, and generational charge.
Diagram 1shows an idealised Fermion as the origin of spherical waves that propagate to the antipode of the hyperspherical universe and then reconverge back there as suggested here: -
https://wsminfo.org/articles/GREIT6Oct06.htm
However this idea makes much more sense in terms of retarded and advanced waves (as in TIQM) going to, and coming back from, the antipode position of the fermion in a hyperspherical universe (finite and unbounded in both space and time) which naturally inverts the spatial and temporal spins of anything traveling right across it.
The outward/inward, retarded/advanced, particle/antiparticle spin zero boson remains virtual and hence acts as a field – in the simplest case the gravitational field which may slightly reduce the amount of spacetime between particles, causing a tension.
Diagram 2 shows how a virtual or real boson exchange between two fermions can give rise to a repulsive effect. At low energies the boson remains virtual, giving rise to a simple repulsive force. At higher energies the exchange of a real boson can cause not only a recoil of both fermions but a flip of their spins as well, as with, for example, photons.
Diagram 3 shows how an attractive effect between fermions with some or all opposed spins can occur via the exchange of virtual bosons. Note that the attractive effect arises mainly from a repulsive effect that works right around the hypersphere. The transactional mechanism in which advanced waves travel back from the future ensures the instantaneity of the effect.
Some further thoughts on the Hypersphere Quantology model: - The spinor vector representation can accommodate particle creation and annihilation by spins/antispins cancelling to energy or manifesting out of sufficient energy; and the transfer of spins between particles. Weak Force interactions involve electron/antineutrino, antielectron/neutrino, or electron/antielectron based bosons. Particle generation conservation still presents some problems – it seems globally conserved across entangled systems, but not locally conserved.
The Hypersphere Quantology model implies a more holistic view of the universe in which the wave/particle quanta which compose it ‘individually’ extend in some sense to everywhere within it and their properties depend on all the rest of it as in Mach’s Principle. Retroactive effects across transactional quantum handshakes implies indeterminate causal ordering and a fair dose of pure chaos in a universe where everything has a degree of instantaneous connection with everything else through the wave aspect of reality which approximates to what traditional magicians have called the Aether.
Review – The Science of Magic – Dr. Dean Radin.
This book from the USA’s top parapsychologist certainly deserves a close read by every serious scientist and magician. The author asserts that overwhelming scientifically acceptable evidence for psi effects already exists, and he discourses at some length on the experiments and data that show this.
He then goes on to examine how the techniques of magic can improve the results of psi experiments, despite that so many classical parapsychology experiments seem designed to prevent the use of magical techniques.
Finally, having surveyed the field of psi from the perspectives both of science and magic, he writes about how to do magic successfully. Whilst he has severe reservations about using the spirit paradigm or performing invocations (as one might expect from a scientist), he wholeheartedly endorses most of the basic techniques of Chaos Magic such as the use of Gnosis to liberate the powers of the subconscious in Enchantment and Divination. Read it!
Have a splendid Solstice, Saturnalia, Mithrasmas, Xmas, New Year, or whatever you celebrate. Choyofaque - Stokastikos.